The Ministry of Health (MS) confirmed through a technical note the first case of cholera after 18 years without diagnoses in Brazil. According to the ministry, “this is an isolated case”.
The notification takes place in Salvador, Bahia. The Ministry’s information informs that the patient (a 60-year-old man) has no history of traveling to countries where the disease occurs and contracted the disease locally last month (which constitutes an autochthonous case).
Considering the 20-day transmission window, it “has no longer transmitted the etiological agent since April 10th”. No other cases were found among people who had contact with the man.
Cholera cases
In the country, the last autochthonous cases (which originate from the region where it is found) of cholera occurred between 2004 and 2005, with 26 cases in total. After this period, only “imported” cases were reported.
According to the WHO, from January to March 2024, cholera affected 31 countries around the world. Most cases have occurred in Africa, with 18 countries affected. In America, only Haiti and the Dominican Republic have reported outbreaks of the disease.
What is cholera?
Caused by the enterotoxin of the bacillus Vibrio cholerae O1, or O139, cholera is part of the picture of acute diarrheal diseases. The majority of infected people do not show symptoms (about 75%). Of those who do get sick, most have mild or moderate symptoms. The severe form affects 10% to 20%, and can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated quickly.
Vibrio cholerae O1: is a bacterium and can be found naturally in different ecosystems. It can be found in water, as it is part of the microscopic life in oceans and rivers. It can be free or attached to animals such as crustaceans, molluscs, fish and algae, as well as on non-living surfaces, such as trash on beaches.
Enterotoxin: bacteria are responsible for producing the best-known enterotoxins, which are harmful to the intestine and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, among other symptoms. The toxin binds to the intestinal walls, altering the body’s normal flow of sodium and sodium chloride.
Cholera can be transmitted directly, through contact with another infected person, and indirectly, through ingestion of contaminated water or food.
What are the symptoms?
Liquid diarrhea — sudden onset with rapid and intense dehydration;
Vomiting — in less frequent cases;
Patient does not have a fever.
