Scientists in the United Kingdom have developed a finger-prick blood test that can detect proteins associated with Alzheimer’s in 10 minutes or less.
The researchers presented the results at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference.
In the future, it is expected that the new test will also be able to detect other health biomarkers, such as female fertility, food allergies, diabetes and antimicrobial resistance.
One of the differences of the new test is the ability to detect nine different biomarkers associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
This includes five variants of the tau protein and two of the beta-amyloid protein, present in large quantities in the brains of patients with the disease.
Measuring the levels of these substances helps predict the progression of the disease.
How does the test that detects Alzheimer’s in minutes work?
The technology works with gold nanoparticles printed on a series of sensor points.
These nanoparticles at each point bind to a specific protein, and the array can detect up to 20 biomarkers from a blood sample of just 0.01 ml.
In contrast, a routine hospital blood test collects a 30ml sample.
When the spots are illuminated from below while blood flows over the array, the nanoparticles scatter light in a pattern that indicates the amount of biomarkers that have adhered to the surface.
The device can be used at home and should cost 300 euros, around R$1,800.
What is Alzheimer’s?
Alzheimer’s is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects a person’s memory, thinking and behavior.
This condition is the most common form of dementia and usually develops slowly over time, initially affecting areas of the brain involved in memory and learning.
As the disease progresses, it can interfere with everyday functions, such as the ability to perform simple tasks.
As for the most common symptoms of Alzheimer’s, they may be minimal at first, however, they worsen as the disease causes more damage to the brain.
How is Alzheimer’s diagnosed today?
Currently, the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is made based on a combination of clinical, neuropsychological and imaging methods.
First, the doctor performs a detailed clinical evaluation, which includes a complete medical history, assessment of current symptoms, and a physical and neurological examination.
Then, neuropsychological tests are conducted to assess cognitive functions such as memory, language, visual-spatial skills, and executive functions. These tests help detect specific patterns of cognitive impairment.
In addition, the doctor may order imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
These tests can help identify changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s. Examples are: brain atrophy and accumulation of beta-amyloid protein plaques.
It is also possible to collect and analyze Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), which can reveal abnormal levels of certain proteins, such as beta-amyloid and tau, which are associated with Alzheimer’s.
It is important to rule out other medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms, such as vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, or depression.
What are the common symptoms of Alzheimer’s?
- Memory problems, especially remembering recently learned information
- Confusion regarding time or place
- Difficulty understanding visual images and spatial relationships
- Difficulty finding the right words to express thoughts or follow a conversation
- Mood changes, such as irritability, anxiety, or depression
- Loss of initiative and interest in previously enjoyed activities
- Difficulty in judging situations or making decisions.