The month of December stands out as the period of awareness about skin cancer, when discussing the prevention of the most prevalent type of tumor in Brazil and the world. Inadequate and unprotected exposure to the sun can trigger cellular changes, which contribute to the emergence of this cancer.
Among the best-known types is melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (squamous cell and basal cell). According to recent data from the National Cancer Institute (INCA), non-melanoma skin cancer accounts for around 30% of all malignant tumors registered in the country.
According to Dr. Thiago Assunção, an oncologist specializing in skin cancer at the Instituto Paulista de Cancerologia (IPC), all types of skin cancer are associated with sun exposure, occupational agents and the use of medications, such as immunosuppressants.
“Squamous cell, basal cell and melanoma skin cancers are the most common. The first two are characterized by local invasion and rarely generate metastases. Melanoma, however, differs due to its greater potential for systemic dissemination, that is, it has a greater chance of generating metastases and, therefore, brings with it high mortality”, says the doctor.
Melanoma can manifest itself in different regions of the body, whether on the skin or mucous membranes, appearing in the form of spots and moles. Non-melanoma skin cancer, the most predominant type in Brazil, has a high probability of cure when identified and treated early. Despite being the most common and least lethal type of skin tumor, lack of adequate treatment can result in mutilations.
“The main precaution to prevent skin cancer is to avoid exposure to sunlight, especially during periods when the incidence of ultraviolet rays is more intense, that is, between 9 am and 4 pm”, explains Dr. Assunção. “The use of appropriate sunscreens is essential, as is the use of clothing and hats that can block radiation”, he concludes.
Anyone can develop skin cancer, however, it is more common in people sensitive to the sun, such as those with fair skin, albinism or vitiligo. Family history, skin diseases and exposure to tanning beds are also risk factors.